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Research Database |
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“What treatment, by whom, is most effective for this individual with that specific problem, under which set of circumstances?”
– Gordon Paul (1967, author's italics)
Empirically-Supported Treatments
Hypnosis & Psychotherapy
The Empirically Validated Therapies list was published by the American Psychological Association, Division 12, The Society of Clinical Psychology. The objective was to identify and promote psychological treatments that had evidence showing they were effective (i.e. were "empirically validated").
The concept of evidence-based medicine rests on the premise that the quality of patient care is enhanced when practitioners use treatments with empirical support (Sackett, Richardson, Rosenberg, & Haynes, 2000). In an effort to identify and promote empirically supported psychological treatments, Division 12 of the American Psychological Association (APA) first established a Task Force to examine this issue in 1993. The aim was to define empirically supported psychological procedures, along with examples of interventions that met those criteria... This Task Force, headed by Dianne Chambless, conducted a survey of doctoral and internship training programs in clinical psychology, focused on training and supervision in empirically supported treatments (ESTs).
–
Empirically Supported Treatments: 10 years on, Woody, Weisz, McLean
The table of empirically-supported treatments below is based upon the ‘Update on Empirically Validated Therapies, II’ published by
the
Chambless task force (The Clinical Psychologist, June 4, 1997.) The main treatments supported in these areas are also broadly
cognitive or behavioural in orientation. Interventions have been grouped under different headings, and hypnotherapy interventions
which more recent
studies have explicitly proposed to meet the Chambless et al. criteria have been included.
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Key to Levels of
Empirical Support
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1 = Well-established
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2 = Probably Efficacious
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? = Subsequently Proposed
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Pain Management
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Level
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Treatment
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Condition
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Research
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2
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Multi-component cognitive-behaviour therapy
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Pain of sickle cell disease
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Gil et al.
(1996)
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1
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Multi-component CBT
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Pain associated with rheumatic disease
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Keefe et al. (1990a,b)
Parker et al. (1988)
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2
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Thermal
biofeedback & autogenic
relaxation training
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Migraine
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Blanchard
et al. (1978)
Sargent et al. (1986)
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1
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Behaviour therapy
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Headache
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Blanchard et al. (1980)
Holroyd & Penzien (1990)
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2 |
CBT & physical therapy
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Chronic pain
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Nicholas et
al. (1991)
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2
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EMG biofeedback
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Chronic pain
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Flor & Birbaumer (1993)
Newton-John et al. (1995) |
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2
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Multi-component operant-behavioural therapy
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Chronic pain
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Turner &
Clancy (1988)
Turner et al. (1990)
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2
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CBT
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Chronic low
back pain
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Turner &
Clancy (1988)
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2 ?
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Hypnosis
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Acute pain during surgery
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Lang et al. (2000)
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1 ?
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Hypnosis
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Acute Pain
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Montgomery et al. (2000)
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1 ?
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Hypnosis
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Headaches & migraine
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Hammond (2007)
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Depression
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Level
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Treatment
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Condition
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Research
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2
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Brief
dynamic therapy
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Depression
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Gallagher-Thompson & Steffen (1994)
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2
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Cognitive therapy
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Depression in geriatric patients
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Scogin &
McElreath (1994)
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2
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Reminiscence therapy
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Depression in geriatric patients
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Arean et
al. (1993)
Scogin & McElreath (1994)
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2
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Self-control therapy
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Depression
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Fuchs &
Rehm (1977)
Rehm et al. (1979)
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2
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Social problem-solving therapy
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Depression
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Nezu (1986)
Nezu & Perri (1989)
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1
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Behaviour
therapy
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Depression
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Jacobson et
al. (1996)
McLean & Hakstian (1979)
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1
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Cognitive therapy
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Depression
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Dobson
(1989)
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1
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Interpersonal therapy
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Depression
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DiMascio et
al. (1979)
Elkin et al. (1989)
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2 ?
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Cognitive hypnotherapy
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Depression
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Alladin et al. (2007)
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Anxiety & Stress
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Level
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Treatment
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Condition
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Research
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1
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Exposure therapy
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Agoraphobia
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Trull et al. (1988)
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2
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Exposure & couples communication training
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Agoraphobia
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Arnow et al. (1985)
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2
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Applied relaxation
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Panic disorder
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Öst (1988)
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1
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CBT
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Panic disorder with and without agoraphobia
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Barlow et al. (1989)
Clark et al. (1994)
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1
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Stress Inoculation Training
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Coping with stressors
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Saunders et al. (1996)
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1
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CBT
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Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
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Butler et al. (1991)
Borkovec et al. (1987)
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2
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Applied relaxation
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Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
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Barlow et al., 1992
Borkovec & Costello, 1993
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1
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Exposure & response prevention
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
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van Balkom et al. (1994)
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2
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CBT
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
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van Oppen et al. (1995)
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2
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Relapse prevention program
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
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Hiss et al. (1994)
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2
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Exposure therapy
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
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Foa et al. (1991)
Keane et al. (1989)
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2
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Stress Inoculation Training
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
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Foa et al. (1991)
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2
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EMDR
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